北京语言大学20春《阅读（II）》作业1【参考答案】

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熊猫奥鹏:20春《阅览（II）》作业1
1.George Ashmore Fitch was born in Soochow,China in 1883,the son of Presbyterian missionaries George F.and Mary McLllan Fitch.After receiving his B.A.from Wooster College in 1906,Fitch attended Union Theological Seminary in New York.He was made a priest in 1909 and returned to work in Shanghai.When the Nanking Massacre occurred,Fitch was one of the witnesses of the crime.He quickly became active in assisting the Internatinal Committen for the Nanking Safety Zone.Fitch\'s diary of events of Nanking was carried to Shanghai by the first person able to leave the Nanking after its occupation by the Japanese on December 13,1937.As Fitch has written,"My story created a sensation in Shanghai,for it was the first news of what had happened in the capital since its evacuation,and it was copied and mimeographed and widely distributed there."Fitch\'s Nanking diary has been published previously but the version of his diary available in the Yale collection differs slightly from the well-publicized version,so excerpts from it have been included in this volume.In 1938 Fitch traveled throughout the United States giving talks about the Nanking Massacre and showing films to document it.He returned to work first in China and then in Korea and China\'s Taiwan until his retirement in 1961. 疑问：Which of the following is not true about G.A.Fitch?
A.both of his parents were missionaries
B.he was born in China
C.he received his education in China
D.he was made a priest in his twenties
答案:-

2.After tracking the group for six years,researchers found that short sleep time had a high correlation with (mortality).
A.health
B.death rate
C.longevity
D.disease
答案:-

3.My father was 17 when he left the farm in Cameron,N.C., and set off for Baltimore to apply for a job at the Martin Aircraft Company. When asked what he wanted to do, he said,"Everything."He explained that his goal was to learn every job in the factory. He＇d like to go to a department and find out what was done there. When the supervisor determined his work was as good as anyone else＇s, he＇d want to go to a different department and start over. The personnel people agreed to this unusual request, and by the time H.T.Morris was 20, he＇d made his way through the huge factory and was working in experimental design for a fantastic salary. Whenever he went to a new department, he looked for the guys who had been around forever. These were the people novices usually avoided, afraid that next to them they＇d look like the beginners they were. My father asked them every question he could think of. They liked this inquisitive young man and showed him shortcuts they had developed that no one else had ever asked about. These sages became his mentors. Whatever your goals, plan to network with those who know more than you. Model your efforts on theirs, adjusting and improving as you go. 疑问： The request made by the author＇s father was regarded by the personnel department as（ ）.
A.nature
B.strange
C.unacceptable
D.over-reaching
答案:-

4.Hemingway was born in 1899 in Oak Park,Illinois,a prosperous suburb of Chicago.His father,a physician,was an enthusiastic hunter and fisheman who taught his son to handle a rod and a gun.Hemingway\'s respect for these skills and his love of the open air run through his writing.He has tired to capture the point of view,actions,feelings,and speech of men who excel in the activities he admires.In school Hemingway was a good student,with a wide range of interests beyond the classroom.He was known as a boxer,a football player,a member of the swimming team,and manager of the track team.For 3 years he played in the school orchestra.But much of his activity was connected with words,which were to be his lifelong preoccupation.First as reporter,then as editor,he gained experience on the school paper,to which he contributed articles and stories.When Hemingway graduated from high school in 1917,World War I was still being fought.After a few months as a reporter on the Kansas City Star,he sailed for Europe in May,1918,as a volunteer ambulance driver and later transferred to the Italian infantry.Two weeks before his 19th birthday a leg wound brought him close to death.War and death have been recurrent themes in Hemingway\'s writing.Of war he has said," I thought about Tolstoi and about what a great advantage an experience of war was to a writer.It was one of the major subjects and certainly one of the hardest to write truly of ... " 疑问：a good title for the passage is ( )
A.Hemingway\'s Interest in Writing
B.The Subjects for Hemingway\'s Writing
C.The Life of Young Hemingway
D.Hemingway\'s Understanding of War
答案:-

5.Most Americans think that ice cream is as American as baseball and applepie.But ice cream was known long before American was discovered.The Roman emperor Nero may have made a king of ice cream.He hired hundreds of men to bring snow and ice from the mountains.He used it to make cold drinks.Traveler Marco Polo brought back recipes for chilled and frozen milk from China.Hundreds of years later,ice cream reached England.It is said that King Charles I enjoyed that treat very much.There is a story that he bribed his cook to keep the recipe for ice cream a royal secret.Today ice cream is known throughout the world.Americans alone eat more than two billion quarts a year.疑问：More than 2 billion quarts of ice cream have been eaten ( )
A.by Americans in one year
B.all over the world in one year
C.since the time of Nero
D.since America was discovered
答案:-

6.An amazingly precise biological clock within us regulates sleep and waking,and also (synchronizes) a vast array of biochemical events in our bodies.
A.regulates afterwards
B.works off in an efficient way
C.causes…to occur at the same time
D.supervises closely
答案:-

7.They were reports (compiled)by allied secret service agents.
A.gathered
B.copied
C.sent
D.created
答案:-

8.Astronomers（地理学家） can tell just how hot the surface of the moon gets.The side of the moon toward the sun gets two degrees hotter than boiling water（沸水）.The night side reaches 243 degrees below zero（零度）.In an eclipse（月蚀）,the earth\'s shadow falls on the moon.Then the moon\'s temperature may drop 300 degrees in a very short time.A temperature change like this cannot happen on the earth.Why does it happen on the moon?Astronomers think that the surface of the moon is dust.On the earth,rocks store heat from the sun.When the sun goes down,the rocks stay warm.But the dust of the moon cannot store heat.So when the moon gets dark,the heat escapes quickly.The moon gets very cold. 疑问：During an eclipse, the moon is ( )
A.turned away from the sun
B.in the shadow of the sun
C.in the shadow of the earth
D.in direct sunlight
答案:-

9.No one thought of anything even a little bit like the zipper until Whitecomb L.Judson came along. There were buttons and button-holes, hooks and eyes, laces and buckles. They all took an irritatingly long time to do up, especially when men wore high-laced boots and fashionable ladies squeezed themselves into long corsets. Whitecomb L.Judson＇s slide-fastener was an out-of-the-blue invention, and no one knows what gave him the idea. No one even knows much about him, except that he was a mechanical engineer living in Chicago and that he patented other inventions, to do with a street railway system and motor-cars. Judson invented the first zipper(called, at the time, a Clasp Locker or Unlocker)in 1891. This ingenious little device looks so simple, and the principle behind it is simple: one row of hooks and eyes slotting neatly into another row by means of a tab. Yet it took 22 years, many improvements and another inventor to make the zipper really practical. 疑问：The word "ingenious" means ( )
A.clever
B.admirable
C.important
D.useful
答案:-

10.Two basic models of parental influence emerge from all this competition and variety,however.One, loosely based on Freudian ideas,has presented an image of the vulnerable child:children are sensitive beings,easily damaged not only by traumatic events and emotional stress,but also by overdoses of affection.The 2nd model is that of the behaviorists,whose intellectual ancestors,the empiricist philosophers,described the child\'s mind as a tabula rasa,or blank slate.The behaviorist model of child-rearing is based on the view that the child is malleable,and parents are therefore cast in the role of Pygmalions who can shape their children however they wish."Give me a dozen healthy infants,well-formed,and my own specified world to bring them up in,"wrote J.B.Watson,the father of modern behaviorism,"and I\'ll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to be any type of specialist I might-doctor,lawyer,artist,merchant,chief, and yes,even beggar man and thief!"The image of the vulnerable child calls for gentle parents who are sensitive to their child\'s inner-most thoughts and feelings in order to protect him from trauma.The image of the malleable child requires stem parents who coolly follow the dictates of their own explicit training proceduresnly the early eradication of bad habits in eating,sleeping,crying,can fend off permanent maladjustments. 疑问： The image of the malleable child needs parents who are ( )
A.tender
B.sensitive
C.moderate
D.strict
答案:-

11.Last December 22 a pickup truck slid on an icy bridge over the Elizabeth River near Portsmouth,and slammed into the guardrail,where workers were removing scaffolding from a paving project.The impact threw Cornell Taylor,43,more than 70 feet into the frigid water below.Nearby,Joseph G.Brisson,36,was in the wheelhouse of his tugboat.He and his crew were talking about the upcoming holidays when suddenly their chatter was interrupted by an urgent voice:"Man down!"Brisson saw Taylor hit the water."He went down a few times and all I saw was a hand."Realizing there was no time to wait for rescue crews,Brisson took off his shoes and handed his wallet to a co-worker,then jumped feet-first into the 40-degree water.Swimming to Taylor,Brisson helped the disoriented man get his face above water."I told him I was not going to let him go,that if he went,I was going with him."The river current was freezing."I couldn\'t feel my legs,arms or hands,"Brisson said.He locked his legs around Taylor\'s waist and kept the injured man float and talking."I told him we were going to be all right,that we were both going to enjoy Christmas."Finally, after about 30 minutes in the water,the men were pulled to safety.Calling himself "a normal Joe,"Brisson says,"I have a family.I thought about that.But I thought about how life is very important,I couldn\'t let anything happen to him." 疑问：By calling himself a normal Joe,Brisson means that ( )
A.he is willing to sacrifice himself for others
B.he is a family man
C.he is an ordinary man
D.he knows the value of life
答案:-

12.Copper(铜)was the first metal that man learned to make.In some mountainous lands there were rocks streaked with green minerals.One day some rocks were accidentally heated by a roaring fire.When the fire burned low,little beads of copper were seen on the rock wall.After that,men heated the rock deliberately to see whether more copper would appear.They soon found a good way to make copper.They would build a trench on a hillside and fill it with charcoal and copper-bearing rock.They covered this furnace with flat stones.They started a wood fire to heat the charcoal and the hot charcoal released copper from the rock.A hot red pool of melted metal formed at the mouth of the trench.When it was cool,the solid metal could be lifted out and cut and pounded into shapes.疑问：The first copper was probably made by（ ）
A.experimenting
B.accident
C.someone deliberately building a fire
D.someone who knew that there was copper in the rock
答案:-

13.My father was 17 when he left the farm in Cameron,N.C., and set off for Baltimore to apply for a job at the Martin Aircraft Company. When asked what he wanted to do, he said,"Everything."He explained that his goal was to learn every job in the factory. He＇d like to go to a department and find out what was done there. When the supervisor determined his work was as good as anyone else＇s, he＇d want to go to a different department and start over. The personnel people agreed to this unusual request, and by the time H.T.Morris was 20, he＇d made his way through the huge factory and was working in experimental design for a fantastic salary. Whenever he went to a new department, he looked for the guys who had been around forever. These were the people novices usually avoided, afraid that next to them they＇d look like the beginners they were. My father asked them every question he could think of. They liked this inquisitive young man and showed him shortcuts they had developed that no one else had ever asked about. These sages became his mentors. Whatever your goals, plan to network with those who know more than you. Model your efforts on theirs, adjusting and improving as you go. 疑问：The author＇s father applied for a job at the Martin Aircraft Company and his goal was ( )
A.to be a good worker with a special knowledge about his work
B.to do everything assigned him willingly
C.to be able to do whatever job there was in the factory
D.to be a good supervisor himself in the future
答案:-

14.At the 1908 Olympics in London the Marathon race was held on a very hot day.The race started at Windsor Castle,one of the homes of the Royal Family,so that the Royal children could see the runners leave.The race was planned to continue for 26 miles 385 yards (42,195 metres),now the accepted distance for this race,into Central London.Because of the great heat,however,many runners had to give up before they could finish the race.Towards the end,the large crowd waited with great excitement for the South African,Charles Hefferon,to come into the stadium first.They were surprised,however,when the 1st man to appear was the small Italian,Pietri Dorando.Dorando was by now extremely tired and weak and,as he was running round the stadium towards the finishing line,he fell to the groud,unable to continue.Doctors rushed to help him and he soon got to his feet and continued,with loud cheers from the crowd.As he came close to the line he had to be helped again, this time by a journalist,but finally he finished the race.He was not,of course,allowed to receive the gold because he had had help during the race.Afterwards, Dorando argued unsuccessfully that he had not asked for this help.But the medal was given to an American,Hayes,who had finished second.However, Dorando later received a special gold cup from Queen Alexandra for his courage. 疑问：Dorando later received a special gold cup because of his ( )
A.top speed
B.fair play
C.great courage
D.successful argument
答案:-

15.No one thought of anything even a little bit like the zipper until Whitecomb L.Judson came along. There were buttons and button-holes, hooks and eyes, laces and buckles. They all took an irritatingly long time to do up, especially when men wore high-laced boots and fashionable ladies squeezed themselves into long corsets. Whitecomb L.Judson＇s slide-fastener was an out-of-the-blue invention, and no one knows what gave him the idea. No one even knows much about him, except that he was a mechanical engineer living in Chicago and that he patented other inventions, to do with a street railway system and motor-cars. Judson invented the first zipper(called, at the time, a Clasp Locker or Unlocker)in 1891. This ingenious little device looks so simple, and the principle behind it is simple: one row of hooks and eyes slotting neatly into another row by means of a tab. Yet it took 22 years, many improvements and another inventor to make the zipper really practical. 疑问：A good title for the above passage is ( )
A.Judson the Inventor
B.How the Zipper Works
C.The Principle of the Zipper
D.The Invention of the Zipper
答案:-

16.For a few minutes silence (reigned).
A.continued
B.prevailed
C.was felt
D.was broken
答案:-

17.Astronomers（地理学家） can tell just how hot the surface of the moon gets.The side of the moon toward the sun gets two degrees hotter than boiling water（沸水）.The night side reaches 243 degrees below zero（零度）.In an eclipse（月蚀）,the earth\'s shadow falls on the moon.Then the moon\'s temperature may drop 300 degrees in a very short time.A temperature change like this cannot happen on the earth.Why does it happen on the moon?Astronomers think that the surface of the moon is dust.On the earth,rocks store heat from the sun.When the sun goes down,the rocks stay warm.But the dust of the moon cannot store heat.So when the moon gets dark,the heat escapes quickly.The moon gets very cold. 疑问：Temperature on the earth change ( )
A.less than those on the moon
B.more slowly than those on the moon
C.more quickly than those on the moon
D.both a and b
答案:-

18.The 12th lunar month in Chinese is called layue(the month to worship all the deities).The 8th day of the 12the lunar month is the Laba Festival.It is treated as the beginning of the Chinese holiday season.After the Laba Festival,people enter into the busy preparation for the Lunar New Year.The main activity of the Laba Festival is cooking and sharing the special laba gruel(laba-zhou).Most people believe it has a close relation to Sakyamuni,the Buddha.He left his comfortable home and set off in search of the final enlightenment.After days of travelling without rest,he collapsed near a river in northern India.He was revived by a wandering shepherdess,who offered him her lunch of family leftovers consisting of sticky cereal,glutinous rice,dates,chestnuts and wild fruit.After consuming this repast,Sakyamuni took a batch and sat under a tree for meditation,where he finally attained enlightenment.The very day was the 8th day of the last lunar month.The meal was the original laba gruel. 疑问：Sakyamuni ate a meal which was made of all the following except( )
A.wild fruit
B.rice
C.cereal
D.meat
答案:-

19.New measurements taken from sleeping people explain,at least in part,why dreams tend to have such bizarre but vivid storylines.The findings deal a blow to the Freudian interpretation of dreams but leave open the possibility that some useful personal meaning can be extracted from them.The main purpose of dreams,however,the authors of the new study believe,is to test whether the brain has had enough sleep and,if so,to wake it up.The new results show that in sleep,the frontal lobes of the brain are shut down.In the absence of activity in these lobes,which integrate other information and make sense of the outside world,the sleeping brain\'s images are driven by its emotional centers.The content of these dreams may be vivid and gripping but lacks coherence.The new results are consistent with the theory that memories are consolidated during sleep.From the pattern of activity that was recorded,"it seems that memories already in the system are being read out and filed in terms of their emotional salience,with is an extremely interesting idea,"said Dr.J.Allan Hobson of Harvard Medical School.The new measurements were made by applying the technique known as PET scanning to sleeping subjects.The biologists focused on the two forms of sleep,known as slow-wave sleep and REM sleep.REM sleep,so named because of the rapid eyeball movements that occur then,takes palce about four times during the night and is the phase from which the most vivid dreams are recalled. 疑问：According to the passage,all of the following are ture except that ( )
A.the content of the dreams is not very consistent and seems very boring
B.the technique,PET scanning,leads researchers to focus on two forms of sleep
C.a man\'s sleep can have 2 forms:slow-wave sleep and REM sleep
D.in REM sleep,rapid eyeball movements occur
答案:-

20.The inventor of spectacles probably lived in the town of Paris, Italy, around 1286, and was almost certainly a craftsman working in glass. But nobody knows his name. We only know this much about him because Friar Giordane preached a sermon one Wednesday morning in February 1306 at a church in Florence. "It＇s not yet 20 years since there was found the art of making eye-glasses which make for good vision," said the Friar."One of the best arts and most necessary that the world has. So short a time is it since there was invented a new art that never existed. I have seen the man who first invented and created it, and I have talked to him." We know what Friar Giordane said because admirers copied his sermons down as he gave them. The inventor of spectacles apparently kept the method of making them to himself. Perhaps he thought this was the best way of getting money from his invention. But the idea soon got around. As early as 1300, craftsmen in Venice,the centre of Europe＇s glass industry, were making the new "disks for the eyes".Spectacles at first were only shaped for far-sighted people. Concave lenses, for short-sighted people, were not developed until the late 15th century. Spectacles allowed people to go on reading and studying long after bad eyesight would normally have forced them to give up.They were like a new pair of eyes. The inventor of such a valuable thing should be honored, everyone thought. But for centuries no one had any idea who the inventor really was. So all kinds of candidates were put forward: Dutch, English, German, Italians from rival cities. A fake memorial was erected last century in a church in Florence to honor a man as the true inventor of spectacles-but he never even existed. 疑问：The first spectalces were made for ()
A.any one who had an eye trouble
B.the far-sighted
C.the short-sighted
D.both the far-sighted and the short-sighted
答案:-
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